In Chinese Taoism, "Tao" as the core concept carries rich philosophical connotations and spiritual values. And "the unity of heaven and humanity" and "Tao following nature" are even more important keys to understanding the "Tao" of Taoism.
I. The connotation of Tao
In Taoist classics, Tao is regarded as the origin and master of all things in the universe. It transcends the appearances of the material world and is an invisible and intangible yet omnipresent existence. Tao is both the generative law of the universe and the highest criterion that humans should follow.
Tao contains endless mysteries and it is difficult to express it completely in words. Just as Lao Tzu said in the "Tao Te Ching": "The Tao that can be spoken is not the eternal Tao; the name that can be named is not the eternal name." The mystery of Tao makes people's exploration of it full of challenges and at the same time inspires countless people's thinking and perception.
II. The unity of heaven and humanity - The harmonious unity of humans and the universe
"The unity of heaven and humanity" reflects Taoism's profound understanding of the relationship between humans and the universe. It believes that humans and nature are an organic whole, mutually dependent and influencing each other.
In the concept of the unity of heaven and humanity, humans do not exist in isolation in the world but are closely connected with all things in heaven and earth. Human life activities are closely related to the operating laws of nature. When humans follow nature and live in harmony with nature, they can obtain the nourishment and protection of nature and achieve physical and mental health and harmony.
For example, in traditional Chinese medicine theory, the thought of the unity of heaven and humanity is fully reflected. Chinese medicine believes that the physiological rhythm of the human body is closely related to the changes of the four seasons and the alternation of day and night in nature. When diagnosing and treating diseases, doctors will consider the influence of the natural environment on the human body and adopt corresponding treatment methods.
III. Tao following nature - Following the laws of nature
"Tao following nature" emphasizes that the operation of Tao follows the laws of nature, and humans should also imitate nature and not forcibly interfere with the development of nature.
Nature is the specific manifestation form of Tao and it has its own laws and order. All things in nature grow, develop and change according to their own natures without excessive human interference. Humans should respect the laws of nature and not blindly pursue material interests and destroy the natural environment.
The concept of Tao following nature reminds us to maintain a sense of awe and recognize the greatness of nature and the smallness of humans. In modern society, we often overly pursue economic development and technological progress while ignoring the carrying capacity of nature. Tao following nature tells us that only when we live in harmony with nature and follow the laws of nature can we achieve sustainable development.
IV. How to comprehend Tao in life
1. Observe nature
Enter nature, observe the changes of the four seasons, the growth and withering of all things. Feel the existence of Tao from nature and comprehend the laws and wisdom of nature.
2. Inner cultivation
Cultivate inner peace and concentration through methods such as meditation and reflection. Remove distracting thoughts and desires, let the soul return to its authenticity and connect with Tao.
3. Practice morality
Follow the moral guidelines of Taoism, such as kindness, tolerance, humility, etc. Influence others with moral behaviors and create a harmonious social environment.
4. Study classics
Thoroughly study Taoist classic scriptures and continuously deepen the understanding of Tao by combining with one's own life experiences. Exchange and share learning experiences with others and jointly explore the mysteries of Tao.
Understanding the "Tao" in Taoist classics requires us to start from the perspectives of the unity of heaven and humanity and Tao following nature, and deeply think about the relationship between humans and the universe and the laws that humans should follow. In life, we can comprehend the existence of Tao through observing nature, inner cultivation, practicing morality and studying classics, and achieve physical and mental harmony and growth. Let us take Tao as a guide and find inner peace and the meaning of life in modern society.